定语从句的结构

一、理论常识

在复合句中作定语，修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句。

结构：先行词+关系词(分为关系副词和关系代词)+从句

关系代词(that , who , which , whose , as)

关系副词(when , where , why , how)

定语从句分为限制性定语从句及非限制定语从句，限定从直接放在先行词后，非限定从与先行词之间要加逗号。

二、试题举例

例句1：

The Aswan Dam , for example , stopped the Nile flooding but deprived Egypt of the fertile silt that floods left-all in return for a giant reservoir of disease which is now so full of silt that it barely generates electricity .

【重点词汇解析】deprive ***. of sth. 剥夺某人某物;silt，n. 淤泥 v. (使)淤塞

【参考翻译】例如，阿斯旺大坝阻止了尼罗河的洪水侵袭，但是也夺去了埃及的洪水留下的肥沃淤泥---这一切换来的却是一个巨大的病态的水库，这个水库积满了淤泥，以至于几乎不能发电了。

例句2：

The second , by Joshua Greenberge , takes a more empirical approach to universality , identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many languages , which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraints .

【重点词汇解析】empirical，adj. 经验主义的;result from 由……造成;cognitive，adj. 认知的

【参考翻译】第二个为此做出努力的人是约书亚·格林伯格，他采用经验主义的方法来研究普遍性，确认多种语言(尤其是语序方面的)共同特征，这些特征被认为是体现了由于认知局限性而带来的偏见。

例句3：

His function is ***ogous to that of a judge , who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a matter as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision .